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Table1: Properties of Fly Ash Samples

Properties (Averages)	Panipat	Badarpur
H⁺ conc. (pH)	7.6	7.42
Soluble salts, %	0.133	0.83

Table 2: Water Quality Appraisal

Parameters	Panipat TPS	Badarpur TPS
H⁺ conc. (pH)	8.0	7.38
Turbidity, NTU	15	2.5
TDS, mg/1	590	640
Chlorides, mg/1	300	62.48
Sulphates, mg/1	180	31.0
Cadmium, mg/1	Tr.	0.023
Arsenic, mg/1	0.27	0.073
Lead, mg/1	0.089	0.0132
Zinc, mg/1	1.89	0.231
Chromium, mg/1	Tr.	0.061

Table 3: Dust Level Monitoring

Site

Suspended Particulate µg/Nm³

Panipat TPS

300 – 475*

200 – 350 **

Badarpur TPS

600 – 670*

300 – 460 **

* Out door Monitoring Location

** In door Monitoring Location

Source: Reclamation of Abandoned Ash Ponds for Human Settlements, Technical Report No. G(S)/0014 Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee submitted to Flyash Mission, New Delhi

Leachability of Elements from Indian Fly Ash

Serial batch leaching has been carried out in Indian fly ash simulating the natural leaching as occurring with rain water system in an ash pond. Most of the elements (As, Ca, Mg, Mn, Na, S and Zn) showed maximum leaching with initial rain water, Cu & Pb showed poor leaching whereas Cd, Co, Cr and Ni did not leach out at all.

Element	Acid(6M, HCl) extractable concentration, ppm	Simulated rain water concentration, ppm
Al	5070.89	0.70 – 5.21
Ca	2684.22	1.41 – 40.39
K	312.29	4.88 – 92.50
Mg	239.30	0.10 – 3.17
Na	51.25	1.00 – 2.25
P	785.73	0.74 – 1.75
Pb	6.64	Mdl (0.01)
S	393.07	0.79 - 42.74
Si	71.05	0.22 - 5.23